Relapse and lapse are terms used to describe setbacks in recovery from addiction, but they represent different levels of severity and impact. Here’s a summary of the differences: Relapse Definition: A relapse is a full-blown return to addictive behaviors in which finding and using alcohol or other drugs again becomes a priority. Behavior: It manifests […]
One of the rising forces in the world is the radical right. Do you know why they call it “radical”? It’s to marginalize them. The word “radical” inherently means extreme, so it accuses all the patterns of behavior that humans have carried through a million years of history of extremism. If there’s anything truly extreme, […]
As you may know, philosophy revolves around dialectics: presenting an idea and then responding to it. Plato and Aristotle believed that everything, including human beings, has an essence – a core set of properties essential to its identity. This essentialism persisted until the late 19th century, when thinkers such as Nietzsche challenged the idea, paving […]
In July 1905, Internist Joseph Pratt unwittingly established the foundations of group psychotherapy by conducting educational sessions on hygiene and incorporating inspirational religious readings for tuberculosis patients. Pratt initially attributed the observed improvement in patients’ health to the medical information provided, but patients themselves attributed their recovery to the emotional support and hope gained through […]
In a broad sense, determinism is a theory or doctrine that suggests that occurrences of natural, social, or psychological phenomena and acts of the will are causally determined by preceding events or natural laws. In other words, determinism posits that all events, whether involving inanimate matter or conscious beings like humans, are influenced by previous […]
When Oedipus was born to King Laius and Queen Jocasta of Thebes, a prophet foretold that the child would grow up to kill his father and marry his mother. To prevent such an unfortunate outcome, King Laius, in a moment of sorrow, ordered one of his servants to take the baby away to a hilltop. […]
This event is perhaps one of the most discussed topics in Islamic geography. The Mongol invasion (to Baghdad) is considered to have marked the end of an era in the Islamic world. Although some historians (Ilber Ortaylı) claim that this is exaggerated, it is generally agreed that the course of history was changed. Historically speaking, […]
In the shadow of resplendent arches, envoys approached the court of the Abbasid Caliph al-Mustasim, the revered spiritual leader of millions of Sunni Muslims across the globe. The envoys presented a message from Hulagu Khan, the World Conqueror, which detailed the Mongol Army’s conquests from the era of Genghis Khan to the present day. It […]
For nearly a century, ten inkblots like these have been utilized as an almost mystical personality test. Long kept confidential for psychologists and their patients, the enigmatic images were purported to elucidate the workings of a person’s mind. The Rorschach Test, devised in the early 20th century by Swiss psychiatrist Hermann Rorschach, is not so […]
On May 21, 1945, at a checkpoint in Northern Germany, a group of former Soviet prisoners of war apprehended three German soldiers attempting to evade capture. Among them was one with a shaved head and an eye patch, which initially attracted the soldiers’ attention. His documentation identified him as Sergeant Heinrich Hitzinger. The German prisoners […]